Toyota Total Environment Final Bus310 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Toyota Total Environment Final Bus310 - Essay Example The world of politics contains government guidelines and strategies that influence the business condition of an association. Simon Property Group is the biggest land organization with a worldwide nearness. Being situated in the United States (U.S.), the firm’s household condition will be affected by guidelines and government approaches common in that. Since the association bargains in properties, the significant improvements in property related guidelines will influence the business. The financial condition of the organization for the most part establishes the country’s total national output, monetary development, joblessness rate, tax collection rate and buying intensity of the shoppers. By and by, the United States is confronting disturbance in its GDP, yet close to home salary of the people is gradually developing. Various states in the U.S. have separate tax assessment rates and buying intensity of purchaser, which can demonstrate either great or negative contingent on conditions. The social part of a business situation is manner by which activities of an association influence the general public. Right now, buyers show concern about item quality, yet in addition its effect on the encompassing. Simon Property guarantees that great is kept up in their items (ventures). They embrace certifiable endeavors to hold buyers with better help. Keeping in see the developing interest for shopping centers and other amusement zones, the organization keeps on putting resources into an enormous number of properties to encourage more prominent fulfillment of customers. Innovative intercession in present market has gotten unavoidable for each association. Organizations are progressively guaranteeing that they embrace mechanical joining in their exercises. The mechanical condition of the U.S. just as that of Simon Property Group is profoundly evolved and the organization has joined mechanical improvement in its exercises as a piece of the development

Airline Safety – Essay

Name: Katelyn Meyers Assignment #4 †Airline Safety Since 9/11, aircraft security has been a significant focal point of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the US Government. In light of what you’ve read and realized in Chapter 5, talk about the accompanying points: * Part 1 †â€Å"Is it safe to fly? (You should show measurements and information to help your answer. Think about contrasting it with different types of transportation) * Part 2 †What safety efforts have been executed since 9/11 and as you would like to think, are the â€Å"extreme† security checks at our air terminals vital? Talk about the security precautionary measures taken and discover research and insights to demonstrate your point. Section 1 †Is it safe to fly? Truly, it is protected to fly. A US National Safety Council study demonstrated traveling to be multiple times more secure than going via vehicle. In excess of 3 million individuals fly each day. Diagram underneath shows the quantity of fatalities in other transportation strategies to travel. US Transportation Fatalities 2000 †Source: NTSB Part 2 †What safety efforts have been executed since 9/11 and as you would like to think, are the â€Å"extreme† security checks at our air terminals important? In my alternative security has expanded for the better great since 9/11. For instance, aircrafts trained travelers to show up at air terminals as much as two hours before departure for household battles. In the wake of going through security checkpoints, travelers were arbitrarily chosen for extra screening, including hand-looking of their lightweight suitcases, in the boarding region. The TSA has showed ’20 Layers of Security’ to ‘strengthen security through a layered approach’â€see Figure 1. This is intended to give safeguard inside and out security of the voyaging open and of the United States transportation framework. Of these 20 layers, 14 are ‘pre-boarding security’ (I. e. , prevention and anxiety of psychological militants preceding boarding airplane): 1. Insight 2. Customs and fringe assurance 3. Joint fear based oppression team 4. Restricted travel backlog and traveler pre-screening 5. Team reviewing 6. Obvious Intermodal Protection Response (VIPR) Teams 7. Canines 8. Social recognition officials 9. Travel record checker 10. Checkpoint/transportation security officials 11. Checked things 12. Transportation security investigators 13. Irregular worker screening 14. Bomb examination officials The staying six layers of security give ‘in-flight security’: 15. Government Air Marshal Service 16. Government Flight Deck Officers 17. Prepared flight team 18. Law implementation officials 19. Solidified cockpit entryway 20. Travelers Athol Yates, Executive Director of the Australian Homeland Security Research Center says that air marshals are of ‘questionable’ security esteem, and that â€Å"hardening the cockpit entryways and changing the conventions for capturing has made it harder for psychological oppressors to get weapons on board an airplane and assume responsibility for it† (Maley 2008).

Christian Respose to Islam Free Essays

string(146) this conviction to deny that Jesus, who they accept was only a prophet, didn't pass on the cross in light of the fact that as expressed above prophets can't be killed. Christianity and Islam are two of the most huge religions since their creation. Islam implies â€Å"submission† in Arabic, and a Muslim is one who submits to the desire of God (Allah). Christians are called so in view of Jesus’ title Christos, which is Greek for Messiah. We will compose a custom exposition test on Christian Respose to Islam or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now Christianity and Islam are comparable from numerous points of view, yet in addition have many contrasts in convictions, practices, and essential religious philosophy. They likewise give separate messages to untouchables with respect to what their religions depend on. The two religions are monotheistic with a sacred book and the two of them endeavor to vanquish detestable. Islam has a lot of rules (5 Pillars of Islam) set out to arrive at edification while Christians apologize, acknowledge Jesus Christ as their Lord and Savior, and afterward are pardoned for their wrongdoings. Many individuals in today’s world accept that Islam and Christianity are fundamentally the same as with just a couple of unobtrusive contrasts, yet this paper will talk about a portion of the enormous distinction in regards to the confidence in on God, the view on prophets and the view on the Day of Judgment. To start, lets look at the Islamic view on the faith in one God. The first and most prominent instructing of Islam is declared by the Shahada, which states, â€Å"La llaha illa-l-lah, Muhammandun rasulu-l-lah. † (â€Å"There is no god yet Allah, and Muhammad is the witness of Allah†) (Robinson). After an individual truly causes this admission than they to turn into a genuine Muslim. Muslims accept that Allah is one, and has no accomplices, no equivalents. The Quran states, â€Å"And cry not unto some other god alongside Allah. There is no god spare Him. † (Sura 28:88). This announcement in the Quran makes an understood case that Muslims accept that Allah is incomparable, that he made and keeps up the world. In Islam it is likewise evident that Allah has no child, no dad, no family member and no partners. â€Å"The Muslim prophet Muhammad is accounted for to have recorded 99 names to attempt to communicate the properties of Allah. A portion of these that Muhammad recorded is that Allah is tolerant, that he is almighty (all-powerful), all-knowing (omniscient) and that he is everlasting (no start and no end)† (Robinson). The Christian reaction to this case by Muslims is that there is just a single exemplary and extraordinary maker God. In the Old Testament Moses states, â€Å"The Lord our God is one Lord; and you will the Lord your God with everything that is in you, and with your entire being, and energetically. † (Deuteronomy 6:4). This section clarifies that God is there is just a single God who needs us to adore him absolutely with all our being. By and by in the New Testament Jesus Christ himself states, â€Å"29 The most significant one, addressed Jesus, is this: Hear, O Israel, the Lord our God, the Lord is one. 30 Love the Lord our God with everything that is in you and with everything that is in you and with all your brain and energetically. (Imprint 12: 29-30). The issue among Christians and Muslims isn't the way that there is just a single God, yet the perspective on the trinity. Christians accept that there is God the Father, God the Son (Jesus) and God the Holy Spirit. These three people are finished in solidarity of will, reason, activity and love, yet can't be isolated despite the fact that they have various capacities. The Bible talks about God, the Father, who as the co-Creator, favors: â€Å"Praise be to the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who has favored us in the radiant domains with each profound gift in Christ. (Ephesians 1: 3), starts and sends â€Å"Now this is unceasing life: that they may know you, the main genuine God, and Jesus Christ, whom you have sent. † (John 17: 3). Lastly God sent the Holy Spirit, who is occupant inside a Christian, to control, teach and engage them. â€Å"16 And I will ask the Father, and he will give you another Counselor to be with you perpetually 17 the Spirit of truth. The world can't acknowledge him, since it neither sees him nor knows him. Be that as it may, you know him, for he lives with you and will be in you. (John 14:16-17) It is significant that God as â€Å"Father† not be seen inside an organic setting. Christians share with Muslims the restriction against thinking about God as a picture. God as â€Å"Father† alludes, rather, to a connection among God and man. Christians acknowledge all the 99 names of God, which Muslims rehash in commendation to God. Indeed, even the name Allah is avowed by Christians as one of the names of God, a similar Arabic name that the Prophet Abraham utilized in Hebrew as â€Å"El† or â€Å"Elohim. † Secondly, lets look at the Islamic conviction about the prophets to that of the Christian conviction. Islam makes a differentiation between a courier (rasul) who is sent with a Divine Scripture to guide and change humanity, and a prophet (al nabbi) who basically conveys data or announces Allah’s news. In this way, however all couriers are prophets, not all prophets are envoys. The quantity of Allah’s prescience is supposed to be 124,000, yet the Quran makes reference to just 25 prophets. A portion of these prophets are Adam who is the primary, Abraham, Jacob, Ishmael, Isaac, David, Solomon, John the Baptist, Jesus and furthermore Muhammad, who is supposed to be the last and most prominent prophet. Also, verily, we have brought up in each country a Messenger, saying, â€Å"Serve Allah alone and disregard bogus divine beings in any structure. † Then Allah guided a portion of the individuals. What's more, blunder grabbed hold of others. Do accept exercises from history as you travel in the earth, and see the outcome of the deniers. † (Sura 16:36) According to the Sura Allah raised up these prophets, among each country, to furnish humanity with firm and valuable direction, so they could walk the straight way of Allah, could live cheerfully in this world, and could be set up for post-existence. Allah vows to shield his prophets from genuine sin, terrible malady and passing. Muslims utilize this conviction to deny that Jesus, who they accept was only a prophet, didn't bite the dust on the cross on the grounds that as expressed above prophets can't be slaughtered. You read Christian Respose to Islam in class Article models The Christian reaction about prophets is that God selected prophets and others to address humankind about his promise, and his account of redemptive acts ever. Christians accept that God uncovered the understanding of his demonstrations to the prophets who at that point gave it to man by lecturing, educating and recording it. Despite the fact that â€Å"Muslims and Christians have many individuals that both concur were prophets Muslims don't accept that Isaiah, Jonah, Daniel, Matthew, Mark, Luke, John, Peter, Paul and Jesus were prophets† (Robinson) Prophets inside Christianity originated from various classes of society, some rich, others poor, youthful and old; a few researchers, and others with little training. Not all composed books (Elijah, John the Baptist), yet they all heard God’s word, either through blessed messengers, by methods for dreams, by God’s voice, or by accepting the message in their brains and hearts. Likewise differentiating Islam we realize that prophets were not pure, however simply typical devotees whose transgressions were pardoned by God. The prophets most significant message was that since there are none who could comply with the law completely, they stayed still in transgression, thus merited passing. â€Å"Yet, those living with transgression need not despair, since God had vowed to take upon himself the blame of their wrongdoings, by embodying himself and kicking the bucket on the cross, in this manner taking upon himself that punishment, thus liberating him to pardon them from those wrongdoings, which at that point brought them once again into an individual relationship with him. (Rahim et al). At the point when a Christian attempts to assess to see whether Muhammad was a prophet, they should attempt to see him considering the all out Biblical observer finishing with Jesus and showing these three models. One that he completely acknowledges the previous Scriptures, two that he focuses to the focal criticalness of Jesus as deliverer and three that his life and lessons epitomize enduring redemptive love. In view of these three measures, which are appeared through the term of Jesus, Muhammad isn't at all a prophet. Thirdly, lets see the Islamic view on the Day of Judgment (Death) and the Christian reaction to what they accept. â€Å"To start we should initially discover what a Muslim accepts about transgression. To a Muslim sin is a private issue, which isn't official starting with one age then onto the next. This is so in light of the fact that Satan is the foundation of all transgression and Allah being all lenient, pardons the individuals who inquire. There is just one sin that the Muslims accept is terrible to such an extent that it is considered reprehensible, that of â€Å"shirk,† which is the act of partner any person or thing with Allah. Passing by this rationale the wrongdoing of Adam and Eve was not so much their flaw since Satan deceived them, and they requested absolution. Moreover, their transgression was not innate/went down to their kids. Likewise on the grounds that the wrongdoing submitted by Adam was not his flaw and he atoned, Allah made him earth’s first emissary. † (Nazir-Ali 142-144) For the Muslim, salvation is achieved not by confidence, yet by works, in watching the Five Pillars of Islamic practice, just as staying away from the major and minor sins. Convention shows that on the Judgment Day, when the individual is covered, the two chronicle blessed messengers show up, and the dead individual sits up to experience an assessment. In the event that he says the â€Å"Shahada† (â€Å"There is no god however Allah, and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah†), he rests calmly and anticipates his judgment. On the off chance that he declines the â€Å"Shahada,† he is seriously beaten for whatever length of time that Allah satisfies. When the individual is awakene

My Critique of the Movie Scent of a Woman Essay Example

My Critique of the Movie Scent of a Woman Essay MY CRITIQUE OF THE MOVIE SCENT OF A WOMAN Jeanie Morrison English 225 Introduction to film Alene Morrison May 30, 2011 MY CRITIQUE OF THE MOVIE SCENT OF A WOMAN Even however a few people may not like the language utilized in this film, I accept the film Scent of a Woman (1992) is an A+ dramatization anecdote around two individuals Charlie Simms (Chris O’Donnell) and Lt. Colonel Frank Slade (Al Pacino) the two of which are incredible on-screen characters and we as a whole know(Al Pacino) as a celebrity, this film was assembled and made well it is in sequential request with coherence altering and is in Dolby advanced encompass sound, it was made utilizing circular cinematography, high key lighting and highlighted close up scenes of the two entertainers; the film is situated in New Hampshire and later the story has an unforeseen visit to New York City. The film â€Å"Scent of a woman† is about a Boston private academy senior who chooses to take a keeping an eye on his Thanksgiving occasion so as to procure cash to purchase a ticket home to Oregon for his Christmas break he has no clue what he has taken on until he meets Lt. Colonel Frank Slade the individual for whom he needs to â€Å"babysit†. Lt. Colonel Frank Slade is a harsh, desolate, daze veteran who is difficult to coexist with and has his own arrangements for the Thanksgiving occasion and takes his sitter in the interest of personal entertainment. Aroma of a woman† is a R evaluated film (under 17 requires going with parent or gatekeeper). It incorporates sexual references and grown-up language. This film was coordinated and delivered by Martin Brest; screenplay by Bo Goldman; the chief of photography was Donald E. Thorin; it was altered by William Steinkamp, Michael Tronick and Harvey Rosenstock; music by Thomas Newman; creation creator, Angelo Graham; a nd was discharged by Universal Pictures. We will compose a custom paper test on My Critique of the Movie Scent of a Woman explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on My Critique of the Movie Scent of a Woman explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on My Critique of the Movie Scent of a Woman explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The fundamental entertainers in this film are (Al Pacino) as Lieut. Colonel Frank Slade and (Chris O’Donnell) as Charlie Simms (Maslin J. 1992). Aroma of a lady was made in sequential request in which the start, center and end of the story are all together as to not confound the crowd. This film was made with progression altering with arranging of shots so slicing to various camera positions would not befuddle the crowd however let them accept that everything was going on in a constant ime and space, it was additionally made utilizing circular cinematography a unique focal point used to cover the photos alongside high key lighting to make the entertainers stand apart from a scene alongside close up scenes in which the scene brought the crowd into the film Goody Koontz B. Jacob C. P. (2011). I accept the film â€Å"Scent of a Woman† is an A+ dramatization tale around two individuals Charlie Simms (Chris O’Donnell) and Lt. Colonel Frank Slade (Al Pacino) the film d epends on the discourse for the most part between the two characters, which happens in New Hampshire and later the story has an unforeseen visit to New York City. All through the entire film we are maneuvered into the discussion between these two men. The story begins in New Hampshire where Charlie meets Lt. Colonel Slade who assumes responsibility for his own Thanksgiving Holiday designs and brings Charlie in the interest of personal entertainment, with both of them traveling to New York City and Charlie encountering things he would never envision. Surely, while a few people may not like the language utilized in this film, I accept this film is an A+ Drama tale around two individuals Charlie Simms (Chris O’Donnell) and Lt. Colonel Frank Slade (Al Pacino). I truly delighted in this film it had a really credible story line that would leave the crowd feeling that regardless of how hopeless, mean, or crazy their affection one may become with age there is constantly an approach to turn them around, by telling them they are required and indicating that you genuinely care. Reference Goody Koontz B. Jacob C. P. (2011) Film from Watching to Seeing San Diego CA: Bridge Point ED. , Inc. Recovered from http://content. ashford. edu Maslin J. (1992) Review/Film: Scent of a Woman; Al Pacino, Indulging A Lust For Life New York Times Review Retrieved from http://www. motion pictures. nytimes. com/film/survey

Help With Term Papers - Write Papers Correctly

Help With Term Papers - Write Papers CorrectlyThe best way to help with term papers is to first learn the proper grammar. Grammar and punctuation in the English language are a language skill that should be learned through extensive instruction. It would be unwise to allow someone else to do the work for you. You need to be the one doing the learning.Although English is not a natural language, it is still a language. Therefore, you must learn its structure and formal rules of speaking and writing. One way to do this is to become proficient in your own language. Start speaking and writing correctly. If you are having trouble doing this, you can visit an English class.It is important to use the correct spellings when talking or writing in English. Learn how to spell the most common words. To help with term papers, you will need to learn which words are used the most frequently in English.While looking at a student writing an essay, you will notice how he or she chooses the spelling of w ords. A student who has just finished a degree will know how to choose the right spelling. Your essay needs to be checked for the correct spelling, since there is no other way to check a grammar error than to see how the spellings have been written.What makes English so difficult is that many words have several spellings. Therefore, it is easier to go wrong if you use a word incorrectly. If you are having trouble learning how to use the right words correctly, check out a book or e-book on English grammar. You can also visit a professional English teacher.Since there are only 14 letters in the English alphabet, you will be able to grasp how the letters work if you take time to learn how the letter-sound combinations are written. Make sure that when you look at English letters, you have them in mind. This will help you remember what they mean when you need to spell them.Learning how to write well is a skill that can be taught in English classes, but make sure that you know how to read and write clearly. If you have trouble reading, you will struggle to read a term paper. In order to learn how to write, you will need to take a course. Since most of the rules are the same, you can write papers in English.A college student has the chance to get help with term papers by taking a course in English. If you cannot afford the expense, you can check out online courses. In the end, you will be glad that you have the skills to help with term papers.

Traffic challenges with the openining of Casino - 1650 Words

Traffic challenges with the openining of Casino (Essay Sample) Content: Traffic Issues that Residents are Facing with the New Casino in Rohnert Park, CAName:Institution:Date:IntroductionThe exclusive as well as multipurpose Graton Resort Casino in Sonoma County, CA was opened recently and has experienced an incursion of scores of people. The Sonoma government anticipates an upward economic growth of the area and a positive change in the lives of Sonoma residents. Nevertheless, the residents believe it is the beginning of much bigger problems ranging from crime, land stealing, and environmental as well as moral degradation. Additionally, it is expected that prolonged traffic jams will curtail the normalcy within the county. The Casino is therefore a social as well as economic burden to the Sonoma residents.Traffic Issues that Residents are facing with the New Casino in Rohnert Park, CAThe traffic jams were projected to last for only a few days but it is now apparent that the problem will last for months before sanity resumes to the roads . As a result, the residents are experiencing unforeseen occurrences, especially in regards to spending a considerable amount of normal working hours in the traffic gridlock while inhaling fumes from stuck automobiles. Since the opening of the casino, there has been an increase in the number of vehicles coming in and out of the area. According to a California Highway Patrol officer (CHP) Jon Sloat, the residents have been subjected to unnecessary delays as well as inconveniences since the opening has led to an increase of approximately 10,000 vehicles on the roads (Hay, 2013).Despite the concerted efforts by the CHP, county emergency dispatchers along with local fire agencies to control the increased traffic, the situation remains unabated. This is due to the increased congestion on the roads resulting in the permanent closure of specific lanes and highways to facilitate flow of vehicles. The most affected road is the Highway 101, which has continually recorded high rates of traffic congestion and prolonged hours of traffic jams since then (Russell, 2013).To respond to this crisis effectively, additional workers have been deployed by the county management to help contain the situation. This has involved the inclusion of additional traffic officers who have been integrated into normal traffic duties. Additionally, more CHP officers have been deployed along the streets along with additional patrol units. Although paramount, this move has affected the locals negatively as they have to bear the extra burden of supporting the government in its implementation of an appropriate response through increased taxation (Villalon, 2013).Despite the above mentioned spirited efforts, most lanes remain congested with no parking space as the current influx surpasses the designated parking areas. In this regard, residents are forced to cope with motorists parking in any empty spaces including outside the Graton Resort Casino. Further, efforts by the government to construct add itional carpools lane to counteract the problem are inadequate thereby leading to the disruption of residentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ rights as well as privileges (Hay, 2013). As a result, residents are compelled to make various adjustments to their daily programs in response to the prevailing traffic conditions. Among the changes they have to make include but not limited to waking up earlier than required in addition to forgoing some important responsibilities. This situation is not ideal for a student who has a fixed time for reporting to school or an employee whose work is time bound.The perennial inconveniencies, being experienced by the locals, may force some to relocate to other states, particularly those residing near the resort. This is informed by the fact that the majority are not willing to put up with the delays associated with work, school or shopping (Villalon, 2013). To some, life has become too hectic and relocating may be the only option. Such a move will inevitably impact on t he close ties between the natives and by extension to the entire Sonoma community negatively as more people relocate and new inhabitants from different society settings invade the county.To the Sonoma residents, it is no longer business as usual, and the residents have had to cope with different pollutants such as noise as well as health pollution as a result of the increased traffic, thereby affecting the wellbeing of the residents. In this regard, it is expected that health problems like mental stress, migraines and respiratory complications will become more prevalent (Studebaker 2013). Moreover, Studebaker (2013) feels that the resultant air pollution has had profound effects on the once reticent green field, blue skies and clean waters, all of which have taken years of meticulous planning and care to maintain.At this point, it is important to take cognizance that environmental pollution is costly not only in terms of degradation but also monetary and temporal aspects. In this re spect, increased disease prevalence will mean that residents have to spend more monetary resources to access treatment for preventable illnesses. Furthermore, Sonoma County inhabitants will be forced to spend more time seeking treatment as well as recuperating thereby affecting the productivity of the county. This is based on the fact that time that would have been spent working and therefore improving the economic status of the...

Sojourner Truth And Maya Angelou Essay - 1505 Words

While they were born in different centuries, Maya Angelou and Sojourner Truth led parallel fights for African American equality. Despite living in different time periods, both of these women laid the groundwork for activists to come. Sojourner Truth was born into slavery in 1797, she later escaped which led her to become an abolitionist to fight for the freedom of others. Maya Angelou was born almost 150 years later in 1928, and faced much of the same hate-fuelled racism. Living in the south during the Civil Rights Era pushed Angelou to become an activist to fight for those without a voice. Through peaceful protest using poetry, both Truth and Angelou made progress in their fight for equality of African Americans and complete social†¦show more content†¦Angelou was born in Missouri in 1928. She spent most of her childhood in Stamps, Arkansas, pre Civil Rights Movement with her grandmother and her older brother. Angelou is most known for writing the poem Caged Bird. In the f irst stanza about the caged bird, Angelou declares that the bird, â€Å"can seldom see through/ his bars of rage/ his wings are clipped and/ his feet are tied/ so he opens his throat to sing†(Caged Bird). Angelou uses the bird as a metaphor for oppressed African Americans during this time period; the bird is held back by a barrier, just like African Americans were held back by unjust laws, a corrupt legal system, and their white peers who saw them as inferior. Similar to the bird, Angelou felt held back by others, but she did not let the â€Å"bars of rage† hold her back from her potential so, like the bird, she â€Å"opened her throat to sing† and used her voice to protest for herself and those who could not advocate for themselves. Before and during the Civil Rights Era, the United States was extremely biased against African Americans, and especially against African American women. Not only was Angelou black and female, she was also growing up in Stamps, Arkansas, during a time when the south was not welcoming of African American rights. In her autobiography, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, Angelou describes her upbringing and states,â€Å"If growing up is painful for the Southern Black girl, beingShow MoreRelatedThe Negro Movement1364 Words   |  6 Pagesthe 1920s. In a 1925 essay entitled The New Negro , Howard University Professor of Philosophy Alain Locke described this transformation as not relying on older time-worn models but, rather, embracing a new psychology and new sprit . Central to Locke s prescription was the mandate that the New Negro had to smash all of the racial, social and psychological impediments that had long obstructed black achievement. Six years prior to Locke s essay, the pioneering black film maker