Do We Need Sleep - 1051 Words

What exactly goes on in the brain during sleep? Nerve-signaling chemicals called neurotransmitters, control whether we are asleep or awake by acting on different groups of nerve cells, or neurons, in the brain. Neurons in the brainstem, which connects the brain with the spinal cord, produce neurotransmitters such as serotonin and norepinephrine that keep some parts of the brain active while we are awake (http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/brain_basics/understanding_sleep.htm). So why do we need sleep? Sleep is important to the essence of every person. Sleep offers the brain an opportunity to sort through new and old information, to find solutions to problems, and to archive memories. One of the essential roles of sleep is to help us solidify and centralize our memories. As we go about our day, our brains take in a very large amount of information. This information is not directly recorded, it’s rather that these facts and experiences first must be processed and stored; and mos t of this processing happens while we sleep. The brain reinforces memory and categorizes everything learned and removes any useless information. This paper will cover how lack of sleep can be detrimental to a person. The primary symptoms of sleep deprivation that will be discussed are dangerous health issues such as cognitive dysfunction, weight gain and physical health. The central nervous system is the information highway of the human body. To keep it functional sleep is a must. Sleep deprivationShow MoreRelatedWhy Do We Need Sleep?1713 Words   |  7 PagesWhy Do We Need Sleep? Typed By: Miracle Taylor Regulating sleep is something our bodies do that is as natural as eating, drinking, and breathing. This implies that sleeping serves a similar role in our health and well being. Even though it is difficult to answer the question â€Å"Why do we need sleep?† scientists have developed several theories that may explain why we spend a third of our lives sleeping. Comprehending these theories can help expand our appreciation of the functionRead MoreSleep: Why We Need It or Do We? There are many different philosophies on how much sleep the body1200 Words   |  5 PagesSleep: Why We Need It or Do We? There are many different philosophies on how much sleep the body needs or doesn’t need. Sleep has been said to be the body’s way of refueling. It allows the body to restore its mental energy (msnbc.com). The question is how much sleep does the body truly need to function? One theory pertaining to sleep is that if your body has a lack of sleep it would just adapt to less sleep. Sleep deprivation can cause us to lose our agility, cognitive, and immune responsesRead MoreThe Human Body And Body Needs Sleep835 Words   |  4 PagesTo Sleep. Everyone knows the human body needs sleep. For some people, sleep is what they enjoy most, but why do human beings need sleep? Why is the urge to collapse into the warm safety of our beds so tempting? Why are we so grumpy when we don’t get enough sleep? Sleeping isn’t only relaxing but it is also helpful to your brain and body. â€Å"We have to sleep because it is essential to maintaining normal levels of cognitive skills such as speech, memory, innovative and flexible thinking. Sleep alsoRead MoreHow Technology Affects Sleep1438 Words   |  6 PagesMany do not believe that we have a technology problem in today’s society. But, ninety-five percent of people use technology an hour before they go to sleep (How Technology Affects Sleep). This is an alarming amount of people who use technology before they go to sleep. You do not have to be looking directly at the technology to trigger the pineal gland to stop releasing melatonin (Kim). Many also believe that lack of sleep due to technology does not affect how they do their daily jobs. Seventy-fiveRead MoreSleep : Rapid Eye Movement1243 Words   |  5 Pages Sleep Jordan Maestas Mrs. Wallace English 12-5thâ€Æ' Sleep Sleep is vital for survival and is just as important to sustain life as food and water. Humans would not be able to survive without sleep. Without sleep our bodies would not get the rest needed for the necessary development and restoration. Sleep is a period of time when there is full or fractional unconsciousness and there is limited movement in our muscles. During sleep our brain and bodies get the rest that is crucial in order to performRead MoreSleep : A Condition Of Body And Mind990 Words   |  4 PagesSleep:/slÄ“p/ (noun) 1. A condition of body and mind such as that which typically recurs for several hours every night, in which the nervous system is relatively inactive, the eyes closed, the postural muscles relaxed, and consciousness practically suspended (Google Search Dictionary). Humans need sleep to function. Without it, our body cannot survive physically or mentally. Sleep helps the body replenish its need for energy and leaves you feeling awake and refreshed when y ou wake up; therefore, itRead MoreThe Effects Of Sleep On Our Bodies904 Words   |  4 PagesWe all know that after a good night of sleep we feel recharged and happier, and if having gone without sleep for a while we may end up cranky and most likely cannot function correctly. But why do we feel better after waking up from a deep slumber and feel worse without sleep? Why do our bodies need to shut down for such a long period of time? Unfortunately scientists are still trying to find this answer themselves. Although through a sufficient amount of research, scientists have found out how sleepRead More Sleep, Dreams, and Our Mental and Physical Processes Essay1671 Words   |  7 PagesSleep, Dreams, and Our Mental and Physical Processes Scientists have been researching and conducting studies to discover the true meaning of sleep and dreams. Scientists have developed a few theories on whether we sleep and dream to build up our mental or physical energy. According to the author of an article in Encarta Encyclopedia, Siegel defined sleep as the natural state of rest characterized by reduced body movement and decreased awareness of surroundings (Siegel). In an article onRead MoreSleep Is Essential On A Daily Basis Essay1189 Words   |  5 Pages2016 Sleep Importance Sleep is essential on a daily basis. It allows the body to rest and replenish itself for the next day. These days, lack of sleep is a result of people not taking sleep seriously or having a lightly thought about sleep. Our sleep habits directly affect our life on a daily basis and it has an important role throughout our whole life. Not having the right amount of sleep every night can affect our mental and physical health. Having a better knowledge about what causes sleep problemsRead MoreDoes The Early Bird Really Get The Worm?983 Words   |  4 PagesSleep Does the early bird really get the worm? This has been an old time saying for many, many moons. Times are changing and many more people are starting to work/live the night life. Life is becoming more open at night as well. What is this really doing to the human body and can people functions properly being a night owl. In this paper we are going to be learning together and finding something we may have not known about. Does the early bird really get the worm? So how does the sleep cycle work

Obesity, Self Esteem, Depression Essay - 1172 Words

Obesity has been a life long struggle. While myself and fifty percent of adults in the United States are battling obesity, the psychological effects have become larger than the obesity itself. Not only are we forced to deal with the physical effects of being overweight, I, like others have had to overcome the psychological effects as well. Low self esteem has been a challenge and has ultimately fueled my bout with depression. Although obesity, low self esteem, and depression are three separate issues, they are all linked and are all relevant to not only me, but to millions of Americans. OBESITY Obesity, as defined as a body weight fifteen percent or more above the ideal for ones height and age. It is typically evaluated by†¦show more content†¦Psychological factors also play a large role in obesity. Many people eat in response to negative emotions such as sadness, depression and anger. These people are generally binge eaters. During a binge eating episode, a person eats large amounts of food and feel that they cannot control how much they are eating. These people have more difficulty losing weight and keeping it off than others without a binge eating problem. It is common that binge eaters suffer from low self esteem and depression. SELF ESTEEM Self esteem is defined as how we feel about ourselves.The way that one feels about them self can be positive resulting in high self esteem, or negative resulting in low self esteem. Self esteem evolves throughout a persons life based on their experiences and relationships. The way that one is treated by those closest to them can be a huge factor in determining their level of self esteem. Abuse, excessive criticism, neglect, and lack of support or love can all contribute to a person having low self esteem. Body image, a persons perception of his or her physical appearance, is another factor in self esteem. Those who feel unsatisfied with their physical appearance tend to have low self esteem. People with low self esteem tend to display certain symptoms. Anxiety and fear are the main the characteristics and may lead to panic attacks where the person will become withdrawn after suffering when feeling embarrassed orShow MoreRelatedObesity Literature Review1597 Words   |  7 Page sObesity Literature review I. Introduction Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have an adverse affect on health, leading to reduced life expectancy. Child obesity has been increasing dramatically and it has become one of the most common chronic conditions for youngsters and its accompanied by several psychological effects. As for the children it might lead to being isolated and having peer problems and sense of discrimination fromRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity1695 Words   |  7 Pageslifestyle. Obesity happens to be a serious issue. Overtime the level of overweight Americans has risen. Although obesity is caused by many other factors, there are many ways to prevent it. Most Americans are overweight due to the lack of exercise and poor diet(www.publichealth.org). America’s obesity percentage is constantly rising, which is quite concerning. This obesity rate must decrease. Obesity can cause both internal and external conflicts. For example, low se lf-esteem, depression, discriminationRead MoreThe Social Consequences Of Being Obese905 Words   |  4 PagesApproximately one-third of all children and half of all adults in the UK are above a healthy weight (Mendcentralorg, 2016). For obese adults, research has documented that people who experience weight criticism have a higher chance of experiencing depression, anxiety, social isolation, and poorer psychological adjustment (Obesityorg, 2016). This stigmatization has often led to obese individuals reporting work discrimination, social exclusion, the dissent of health benefits, and public ridicule. (MyersRead MoreLinking Childhood Obesity to Fast Food Essay1699 Words   |  7 Pagesindustry has become a symbol of America and our diets. Fast food is convenient, quick, and cheap, requiring hardly any effort. It is the perfect formula for our fast-paced nation and suffering economy. The problem is shown through our sky-high rate of obesity. Though fast food has some short-term bene fits like saving time and a few dollars, it has severe physical, mental and financial consequences for children, showing that the negatives of consuming fast food outweigh the positives. The fast foodRead MoreThe Psychological And Physical Effects Of Obesity1325 Words   |  6 PagesName: Obesity To determine whether obesity is a kind of disease, we need to understand the psychological and physical effect of obesity. Based on our daily experience, I can find that the effect is obvious and significant. But we still need to do further research to find out the extent of these two kinds of effects. Based on the article Psychological aspects of childhood obesity: a controlled study in a clinical and nonclinical sample written by Caroline Braet, Ivan Mervielde and Walter VandereyckenRead MoreChildhood Obesity and Its Effect1260 Words   |  6 PagesChildhood obesity is considered to be a serious issue among our youth. Obesity can cause many types of physical problems, which most are aware of, but it can also cause some undesirable internal feelings within children and adolescents who suffer from it. Self-esteem, or self-worth, is important as it helps develop personality and is a major ingredient to our mental health status (Wang, F. and Veugelers, P. J., 2008). Some have said obesity may even have a negative effect on cognitive developmentRead MoreAchieving Increased Self Esteem Through Adaptive Sports1141 Words   |  5 PagesAchieving Increased Self-Esteem through Adaptive Sports â€Å"Our society places emphasis on looks, speed, and being the same or better than everyone else† (Voight, 2012). Thusly how can a person with a disability compete, live, love and be loved in a society that renders them less than adequate and incapable. For millions of people with disabilities attaining self-actualization, positive self- image, and building the healthiest body one can achieve is impossible. How can a person attain higher levelsRead MoreObesity : A Common Disease Among Young People With Obesity865 Words   |  4 PagesAnother consequence of obesity is asthma, and is a very common disease among young people with obesity. Obesity causes chronic inflammation throughout the body, including the lungs, and asthma is caused by inflammation in the lungs. In fact, asthma is a respiratory condition characterized by spasms in the bronchi of the lungs, causing difficulty in breathing. Inflammation from obesity can cause problems in the rest of the body as well. The most common signs of asthma are shortness of breath, chestRead MorePros And Cons Of Fast Food720 Words   |  3 Pagesfast foods contribute to an increase in obesity rates. The food served in fast food restaurant tempts us a good smell and taste. Unfortunately, the food offered at such points contains a lot of fat, calories and very often chemical components that adversely affect our bodies. Frequent consumption of hamburgers, French fries, hot dogs, etc. causes bad eating habits in children and leads to slow weight gain, which over time becomes a serious problem. The obesity and big amount of salt and sugar containRead MoreObesity And Its Effects On Children1558 Words   |  7 PagesObesity is one of the several major public health issues that researchers attempt to find interventions for. Prevalence of obesity has been increasing throughout the years, especially in children. If prevalence and incidence of obesity continues to increase in children, long term illnesses start producing , which can hinder an individual’s life span. In addition to chronic illnesses being produced, obesity can also hinder the social and psychological wellbeing. As children are growing with obesity

Concepts of Global Consistency and Local Adaptation Free-Samples

Question: Explain how the Concepts of Global Consistency and Local Adaptation are relevant to Success of a Global Business. Answer: Introduction Globalization has open new opportunities for organizations to trade globally and work in different parts of the world (Qu, 2012). Employees are able to move and work in organizations branches and subsidiaries on transfer or promotions. Global business has opened large markets for businesses, increased location base, enabled efficiencies and exchange if ideas. It has also led to interactions of employees from different backgrounds and countries who are brought together to work on the organizations objectives. Global consistency is the ability of an organization to keep trend to the global expectations and influences in it operations and product. This involves companys producing high quality products and services to the world market by use and access of highly skilled experts in the organizations (Smale, 2008). Global consistency allows firms to integrate its operations with the global economy. Local adaptation is a practice of foreign organization integrating with local markets and co mmunity to achieve its objectives. It refers to influences in the organization caused by the surrounding that have to be incorporated in the products and operations for the business to succeed in the foreign location. The following paper will explain the concepts of global consistency and local adaptation relevance in success of global businesses. The essay will also out a good that is likely to succeed with global consistency and a good that is likely to succeed with local adaptation. Background information Globalization of the world economy increasingly created global interactions and integration ns of culture, people and economical activities. Globalization leads to distribution of the production of good and offering of services. This was made possible by removal of barriers, high tariffs, export fees and importing quotas. This allowed business to locate their manufacturing plants and offices in different part of the world. Organizations located to regions that they could easily access raw materials, access market, labour and favorable taxes and government terms. These factors led to organizations relocating to new locations where there were resource endowments (Smale, Bjrkman and Sumelius, 2012). Globalization also leads to growth and development of organization in terms of production capacity, market share and number of employees. Organizations rapidly increased their capacity as a result of large market. Large organizations started facing management problems due to increased cost o f operation and human resource management. This resulted to decentralization of the companies to other countries to reduce the distance to the market. The firms also decentralized in order to make the organizations manageable. Globalization of the world economy has led to emerge of the concept on global convergence and local adaptation. Global business operates to serve the world market in different capacities. Peters (2013) recorded that there is convergence of the human taste and needs. This indicates that the world population desires for the same goods and terms of working. Maynard and Tian in 2004 stated that technological advancement and media has made the world a global village. This has influence to peoples preferences and want. Global business has to get skilled manpower employ in their production and processing in order to achieve high performance. Therefore the world marketing is converging to have the same taste and preference to goods and services offered. This requires businesses to adapt to high standards in production of their products. Global consistency is therefore an influence to conform to global practices and standards in production and management of people. Local adaptation requires g lobal business to custom their products and incorporate local norms in the business. Local adaptation necessitates foreign organizations to produce goods that tailored for the local market. Local adaptation enables business to make products and incorporate practices that align with the local community values, norms and culture (Chung, 2014). Local adaptation is adopted in branding, marketing practices, human resource management and ingredients of the product. These adaptations are influenced by the local society. For instance, Redbull drink bottle colors in China is red and gold while in other part of the world it color is silver and blue. This practice in this business is necessitated by the culture and belief in China. People in China associate red color with superiority and gold with prestige (Ahlvik and Bjrkman, 2015). These color combinations are highly valued in China and will make high sales in the China market. Therefore, the background information shows that the concept of global consistency and local adaptation is as result of globalization of the world economy andcompany decentralizations. Evaluation of Journals Used1. Title and Article Reference Berchtold, S., Pircher, R. and Stadler, C. (2010). Global integration versus local adaptation: a case study of MNCs in Eastern Europe. European J. of International Management, 4(5), p.524. Aim / Purpose of article The Journal aims to extending the knowledge transfer of Australian Multinational Companies to their Subsidiaries in Europe. Sample, location, method of data collection and analysis The study uses 15 MNCs in Eastern Europe. The data bused was collect from public available data, interviews, and archive materials. Findings/Interpretations reported in the article The study found that the MNCs transfer of knowledge was combined with personal relationship and cultural empany for the standardization of the products to the foreign market. Significance/contribution of the article in relation to your other articles and your topic The article outlines how the efforts of the parent company to subsidiary companies are influenced by the locally that the subsidiary operates. The study contributes on how local adaptability is necessitated by the locals and not the home country that pushes for standard products and strategies. Strengths of the article The article has an historic approaching spanning more than 10years. Weaknesses of the article The article uses sources that are more than 10 years old that might contain irrelevant information due to change in time Quotes from the article that you plan to use in your assignment MNCs firms combined standardization of products and procedures with strong personal relationships that indicate cultural empathy. Before we discuss the various ways how they tried to transport knowledge we will briefly describe the historical context to provide an impression of the institutional environment the new subsidiaries operated in 2. Title and Article Reference Ahlvik, C. and Bjrkman, I. (2015). Towards explaining subsidiary implementation, integration, and internalization of MNC headquarters HRM practices. International Business Review, 24(3), pp.497-505. Aim / Purpose of article The study aims to establish that HRM for Multinational is subject to multitude of institutional factors. The research also explores the similarity and differences that exist in traditional diffusion of HRM practices to subsidiaries of a MNC. Sample, location, method of data collection and analysis The study uses one case study that is analyzed using multiple approaches. The study uses US MNC Findings/Interpretations reported in the article The study found that there exist a difference and pressure of implementing e-HRM practices between the home country and host country. Standardization is based o0n the local capacities of the subsidiary. Significance/contribution of the article in relation to your other articles and your topic The study outlines the concept human resource in globalization and their influence in standardization of products in MNCs. This elaborates the concept of local adaptability in subsidiary companies Strengths of the article The article uses multiple analysis approach that give a detailed understanding of local adaptation in the process of integrating global consistency Weaknesses of the article The article only uses only one sample. This shows that the study can be biased Quotes from the article that you plan to use in your assignment The complex nature of the relationship between home and host country effects, pressures for standardization and resource capabilities of subsidiaries complicates factors shaping the constellation of HR practices in the MNC. Therefore, there are e-HRM practices difference in MNCs as a result of local adaptability 3. Title and Article Reference Mareck, M. (2014). Global, Local or Glocal?. Research World, 2014(45), pp.26-29. Aim / Purpose of article The article aims to outline criteria of choosing glocal, global and local strategies of branding products for multinationals. Sample, location, method of data collection and analysis The study reviews literature on the topic under study to analyze choice of strategy. Findings/Interpretations reported in the article The study found that MNC need to rebrand their products for both local markets and global markets according to the type of product. The study concluded that the MNC should keep on rebranding because a standard brand for globalization is not effective Significance/contribution of the article in relation to your other articles and your topic This article outlines the strategy to use in global market for business success. It gives criteria to use to choose between global consistency and local adaptability. Strengths of the article The study has a wide view and approach that facilitate the understanding of MNC performance in global market. Weaknesses of the article The study does not use primary data therefore prone to outdated information Quotes from the article that you plan to use in your assignment In the end people want both global and local brands- brands that make them feel part of a broader international community, but also brands that root them in their home culture, respect and represent their tastes. Hence, a glocal strategy seems to be the answer Quotes from the article that you plan to use in your assignment Glocal marketing attempts to fill the gap between local culture, preference and the globalization of marketing activities, and tries to re-establish the connection between global brands and different cultures Examples Some goods and services succeed in global consistency while others succeed in local adaptation. Manufactured goods succeed with global consistency while food products do well with local adaptation. People want to feel connected to the global community by using the same manufactured products. For instance cars, mobile phones and aircrafts are manufactured products that use global consistency. Food is much connected to peoples culture and therefore succeeds with local adaptation. For instance MC Donald applies local adaptation in it outlets to sell food. Conclusion From the essay plan, I can say that concept of global consistency and local adaptations are important in managing global business. These concepts enable formulation of strategies that enable the business to survive in the foreign market. The essay plan also shows that choice of local adaptation or global consistency is determined by the nature of the product that the business produces for the market. References Ahlvik, C. and Bjrkman, I. (2015). Towards explaining subsidiary implementation, integration, and internalization of MNC headquarters HRM practices. International Business Review, 24(3), pp.497-505. Berchtold, S., Pircher, R. and Stadler, C. (2010). Global integration versus local adaptation: a case study of Austrian MNCs in Eastern Europe. European J. of International Management, 4(5), p.524. Chung, C. (2014). MODES OF GLOBAL INTEGRATION AND LOCAL RESPONSIVENESS IN HRM OF MNEs. Academy of Management Proceedings, 2014(1), pp.17654-17654. Mareck, M. (2014). Global, Local or Glocal?. Research World, 2014(45), pp.26-29. Maynard, M. and Tian, Y. (2004). Between global and glocal: content analysis of the Chinese Web Sites of the 100 top global brands. Public Relations Review, 30(3), pp.285-291. Peters, G. (2013). REVIEW: BREAKING OUT EMERGING BRANDS GO GLOBAL. Business Strategy Review, 24(3), pp.69-71. Qu, R. (2012). The Impact of Integration and Responsiveness on MNC Subsidiaries Market Orientation. Journal of Global Marketing, 25(3), pp.127-140. Smale, A. (2008). Global HRM integration: a knowledge transfer perspective. Personnel Review, 37(2), pp.145-164. Smale, A., Bjrkman, I. and Sumelius, J. (2012). HRM integration mechanism usage in MNC subsidiaries in China. Personnel Review, 41(2), pp.180-199.

MacBeth - Character Changes Essays (1246 words) -

MacBeth - Character Changes MacBeth - Character Changes "This dead butcher and his fiend like queen", is the way in which Malcolm describes Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. Describe the way in which these two characters changed during the course of the play. At the beginning of the play Macbeth is seen as a courageous soldier who is loyal to the King but is corrupted from the witches prophecies and by his and Lady Macbeth's ambition. This is because of the weakness of Macbeth's character and the strong power of Lady Macbeth and how she is easily able to influence him. Her strength motivates him at the start but after he realises what he has done it is himself that continues in his murderous, bloody path. At the beginning of the play Lady Macbeth appears as a kind wife of Macbeth's but underneath lies a scheming and treacherous woman. In the beginning of the play Macbeth is a strong soldier who fights for the King without mercy but his strive for ambition and his curious nature leads him to the witches who give him a prophecy. Banquo realises that there must be a trick hidden in the witches prophecies somewhere but Macbeth refuses to accept that, and when Lady Macbeth finds out about the witches her strong desire for ambition and her cold nature leads Macbeth astray. Macbeth is a little ambitious at first, but Lady Macbeth's far exceeds his and so she is able to get Macbeth to agree with her to kill King Duncan. Macbeth still has a conscience at this stage because he is very hesitant about killing the King but his weak nature over comes him. He has a conscience throughout the entire play as this is seen by the hallucinations of the dagger and the ghost of Banquo and his vivid imagination and his constant worry also provokes him. This is also evident in his terrible dreams which gives the solid theme that he has indeed "murdered sleep". Throughout the play we see the character of Macbeth change not from just the way he thinks and what we hear from the play, but from the actions he takes in the play, from killing Banquo, then having Lady Macduff and her children murdered, shows the insecurity that was present in Macbeth. After the murder of Duncan Macbeth becomes paranoid and his first step of killing the guards is one of many that Macbeth takes to secure himself. Macbeth is also very superstitious and this is shown when he believes the prophecy the witches told him that Banquo's offspring would become Kings. Towards the end of the play when Macbeth's wife has died and the battle is drawing closer Macbeth shows some good which may have been. He wishes for a normal life for which he would have lived to an honourable age but he recognises that he has denied himself of this. Even when Macbeth hears that the prophecy has become true of Birnam Wood coming to Dunsinane, he rejects this idea and fights on until he realises that Macduff wasn't born in a natural birth but instead was "Untimely ripped" from his mother's womb. When Macbeth hears of this he realises what he has done and how he has been tricked by the witches but instead he realises that it is useless and so he fights on only to be slain. Macbeth can be summarised into a character although strong physically he is very weak mentally and it is this weakness which causes the downfall and change of Macbeth. Other factors do however also contribute to this change such as his wife whose ambition is very strong at first and is much more stronger mentally than Macbeth but it is also Macbeth's ambition and his trust in the witches which ultimately change him. Lady Macbeth seems to be almost opposite compared to that of Macbeth in physical and mental power. Lady Macbeth is the person who is able to persuade Macbeth into killing Duncan, assuring Macbeth that it will succeed, as Lady Macbeth's ambition is far greater than that of Macbeth. This change in the character of Lady Macbeth is apparent after she reads the letter from Macbeth as she goes and talks to the evil spirits to make herself evil with lines such as "Fill me from the crown to the toe-top full of direst cruelty! Make thick my blood". She goes to the extent of planning the murder of Duncan and assumes full responsibility of this. She exerts a lot of power over Macbeth in this part of the play and even

How does Zeffirelli portray the characters of Gertrude and Ophelia Essay Example

How does Zeffirelli portray the characters of Gertrude and Ophelia? Paper Franco Zeffirellis 1990 production of Hamlet has Glenn Close and Helena Bonham Carter cast as Queen Gertrude and Ophelia respectively. He has the luxury over a stage production of being able to add scenery, mood and vibrant close up of character to his film. These added advantages allow us to examine the players in a closer, more intimate way and so we can look at the figures of Queen Gertrude and Ophelia with different perspective. Right from the start the audience most definitely depicts Gertrude as the queen and the primary female of the cast, however there is no malice or grim intention portrayed. We open the film feeling sorry for her at her husbands funeral yet the speed of her re-marriage makes us question her morality and quality. The audience is made to question her character by her physical nature both with Claudius and Hamlet, particularly with Hamlet. Their relationship is portrayed as intensely Freudian, from the very beginning with Gertrude constantly touching Hamlet. Zeffirelli dresses Gertrude in a gown with a simple pale design yet trimmed with gold and subtle jewellery and her hair is worn like a regal crown, always perfect and obviously made by attendants. Herein we see her position but unlike other plays her queenly status is not overbearing. Zeffirelli quite obviously dressing Gertrude in red, a colour of passion; giving further indication of her warm, sexual and vibrant nature as well as an insight into her mentality. Gertrude is almost a victim of her own appetite and she is not very logical and this is strongly portrayed throughout the film. This is particularly prominent when Gertrude agrees to using Ophelia as bate to steak out Hamlet and tolerates Ophelia being humiliated; one could argue this is Gertrudes fatal flaw, her passivity. We will write a custom essay sample on How does Zeffirelli portray the characters of Gertrude and Ophelia? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on How does Zeffirelli portray the characters of Gertrude and Ophelia? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on How does Zeffirelli portray the characters of Gertrude and Ophelia? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Both her passivity and her innocence are illustrated when the players perform Claudiuss poisoning of Hamlet senior and Gertrude does not see the parallel between the play and her own situation. This is once again reinforced in the closet scene, bloody deed? Almost as bad, good mother, as kill a king and marry with his brother, this signals not only her own innocence of the deed but indicates her feeble and defenceless character to the audience. We see Gertrudes true vulnerability and openness when Hamlet kills Polonius and confesses all to the Queen, in reference to Claudiuss treachery. Her face is open and shocked and her look is of complete surprise telling us of her innocence in the Kings death. Also, in this scene we see her true love for her son. Zeffirelli has chosen to portray this scene between Hamlet and Gertrude as passionate and intimate, giving the scene Freudian overtones. Zeffirelli readily embraces the Freudian concept of the Oedipus complex. When Hamlet confronts Gertrude, a passionate kiss is followed by what appears to be simulated sex, Zeffirelli portraying Gertrude as intensely sexual and once again a victim of her own appetite. By the end of the scene, a new intimacy is established between Gertrude and Hamlet, which carries them into the final stages of the tragedy. From here on, Gertrude dresses and behaves more like a nun throughout the film and is very obedient to Hamlet; establishing a new dimension to her relationship with Hamlet. She is more nervous and considerably less sexual and looks almost mad and at times unhinged. Once again we are compelled to feel remorse for her as she says goodbye to Hamlet as he departs for England. Glenn Close, like Helena Bonham-Carter, has been very well cast in her role. Zeffirelli has her hold Queen Gertrude with regality throughout; this is highlighted when she hears of Ophelias death and the look of an almost motherly loss at Ophelias graveside. Her entrance at the duel is most regal, trumpets play and her ladies in waiting carry a long train. Her look is of pure love and hope for her son Hamlet. However, seated on her throne in colours of grey and pale blue she almost seems like a statue against the grey stone backdrop. The duelling scene is not meant to be rich and colourful yet cast in shades of dowdiness. However, Hamlets jesting brings laughter to the Queens face yet it is in this moment when Gertrude is at her happiest that tragedy is close on hand. Zeffirellis use of close up on Gertrudes distress as the King looks knowingly on is terrible. A mistake of drinking the poison is not lost on Gertrude and we are given the look that says she realises what has happened and in that instant she realises all that Hamlet has said about Claudius is true. Gertrude has been psychologically and morally poisoned as well as physically poisoned. Zeffirelli highlights the hopelessness of this moment more by allowing the duel to continue and so Hamlets loss gathers pace while he knows nothing of it. Ophelia on the other hand, is passive almost to the point of non-existence as an independent consciousness and is to some extent, amore extreme version of Gertrude. The only time she speaks to the King and Queen is when she is mad. This makes it very difficult for Zeffrelli to inject any suggestion of irony or defiance into the few words Ophelia exchanges with her Laertes, Polonius or Hamlet. However, Helena Bonham-Carter exploits this passivity to provoke responses from other characters and the audience. Ophelias beauty is portrayed with no frills or fancy accoutrements. She is dressed very plainly in a simple virginal white pinafore. Her lack of jewellery and ornate trappings show a truth and honesty. She appears a helpless, almost childlike, pawn for her forceful father; she is the victim of her foolish father. She is seen as a possession by her father, I have a daughter- have while she is mine- who in her duty and obedience, Zeffrelli mark and is treated as simply that. She is pushed and pulled about by Polonius and Laertes, it is her obedience to the men in her life that is her fatal flaw. Ophelia is used as bate by Gertrude, Claudius and most importantly her father. She is used to trap Hamlet and in return is mocked and forced to pretend she has no voice. Zeffrellis primary intention for Ophelia is to suffer and die. The scene as the play within the plays beginning highlights the physical differences between Ophelia and Gertrude. The green is lavishly decorated whilst Ophelia, with Hamlets head in her lap, looks as plain, yet retains her simple beauty. Zeffrelli has chosen well in casting Helena Bonham Carter as Ophelia as her large brown eyes tell more then she says. After the Kings play when Hamlet wishes her to a nunnery, Get thee to a nunnery, her nervous eyes tell of her shock and confusion. Ophelia is trying to make sense of it all, but finds it very difficult because Hamlet is acting towards his mother as well; Ophelia cannot keep up with all the changes. Ophelia is used again; she is taunted and mocked as happened so often. Zeffrelli portrays her as on the edge, conventional womanhood. After her fathers death, Ophelia seems to descend into madness. Her dress and appearance are dishevelled and unkempt yet tragically she is still beautiful. We feel sorry for Ophelia and her loneliness, divided from herself and her fair judgement. Ophelias grief is infectious and with Zeffrellis use of dour music her mood is shared by us the viewer. Her loss of sanity makes her seem like a helpless child and we fear her impending suicide before we know of it. During the time before her death Ophelia reveals thought, which would have been most definitely introspective, if she were not going mad. Once she is mad she becomes free and reveals what she really thinks and feels. She behaves in an intensely sexual way towards the sentry reveals thought and feelings that would have be suppressed by her father and brother. Ophelia achieves ultimate passivity and paradoxically a new kind of power, first in her distraction, then in the brook and finally in her coffin. Her incapacity which has been a theme modulates into madness presented as plaintive songs and pretty nonsense. This, together with Gertrudes stylised presentation of her death, offers decoration in place of any attempt at psychological elaboration. Her madness is less real than Hamlets confused states of mind because it is so tidy, unproblematic and unthreatening. Zeffrelli does well not to dwell on the act of her suicide as a film production might but leaves the sad tragedy of it to our imagination, which only heightens our sense of loss for Ophelia. Ophelia is presented by Zeffrelli as someone with no point of view I do not know my lord what I should think, there is not even a gesture of struggle. Zeffrelli chooses not to develop her character to any great extent and allows the audience to develop their own understanding. To conclude, our final image of both women is when they are lying dead. We are made to feel great sorrow and pity for them both. Zeffirelli has Ophelia laying with dignity at her graveside in white linen and flowers on an overcast, breezy day whilst Gertrude is left prone and splayed on the cold concrete steps within the castle. His portrayal of both characters leaves us feeling great sadness for them in equal measure whilst never once feeling any malice towards them.

jimmy jam and lewis the pioneers Essays

jimmy jam and lewis the pioneers Essays jimmy jam and lewis the pioneers Essay jimmy jam and lewis the pioneers Essay jimmy jam and lewis the pioneers BY th80 MORRIS 11 PRODUCER JIMMY JAM TERRY LEWIS Don Morris Studio Recording PRODUCER PAPER 11 MORRIS 12 Jimmy Jam And Terry Lewis: Pioneers of Modern RB If New Jack Swing , Soul, or RB had parents, Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis are shining examples of what make a happy home. For decades the world has been influenced by the creations of these two men. They have not only shaped their artist into stars, they shaped the genre as a whole. James Jimmy Jam Harris and Terry Lewis are both native Minnesotans who met in igh school at a college program at the U of M. Shortly after they formed a band called Flyte Tyme. In the early 80s, the band renamed itself The Time after incorporating Morris Day into the group. The groups early albums shaped what we know as RB and created the new Jack swing style of music. The band was created due to a cause in Princes contract with Warner Brothers. The clause allow Prince to recruit and produce acts for the label. In interviews with the duo, they stated that the creation of The Time is when everything started. During this early time with The Time is when they learned to esh their two worlds of productions and musical styles into what it is today. They both had been very musical growing up so this is also when they honed a lot of their production techniques. A hot producer of the early 80s was a man by the name of Leon Sylvers, the duo states they received skills and got their production chops by watching him produce tracks. Jimmy Jam said, Between Leon and Prince-we got great 12 MORRIS B After working with The Time, the duo went on to produce songs for the SOS Band and Alexander ONeal. In 1986 Jam and Lewis started producing, the actress, Janet Jacksons first album and won them their first Grammy award. They also had great success on Janets second album Rhythm Nation 1814. Jam and Lewis have accumulated 16 No. 1 pop hits and 25 No. l R hits in their career. They have won 4 Grammies and have had 8 nominations over the past 3 decades. The duo was inducted into the SoulMusic Hall of Fame in 2012 and has 3 consecutive decades of number 1 records produced and hundreds of platinum albums under their belt. Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis are pioneers of a genre, creators of the Minnesota Sound, and amazing producers. Without their musical influence I believe not only R wouldnt be the same, but hip hop, pop, funk wouldnt have the same flair. Flyte Tyme. Flyte Tyme. N. p. , n. d. Web. 08 Oct. 2013. Jimmy Jam Terry Lewis Production Discography. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 09 Dec. 2013. web. 15 oct. 2013. Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis Interview. Interview. YouTube. YouTube, 25 Apr. 2013. web. 15 oct. 2013.. Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 11 Mar. 2013. Web. 23 oct. 2013. Philbrook, Erik. Powerhouse: Jimmy Jam Terry Lewis Celebrate 30 Years as ASCAP Members. Www. ascap. com. N. p. , 19 Sept. 2013. Web. 08 Nov. 2013. 14

In instruction box Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

In instruction box - Research Proposal Example Nokia hopes to capitalize on its brand name, low product cost, high quality of the new product, and the features that it presents to beat competition. The company will offer the Nokia Lumia 1820 Smartphone in the Indian market at a price of $200 and will rely on various marketing and distribution channels to reach the customers. The product will be offered for sale through retails shops and supermarkets mainly and will be advertised on television, radio, online, and through billboards. Nokia hopes to sell at least one million units of the product every year and hopes to make achieve at least a turnover of 100 million dollars within the first year of introducing the product in India. In order to achieve this goal, a marketing budget of $39,700 is proposed. Company Summary Nokia is one of the largest telecommunication companies in the world (Lee, 2001). The company engages in the production of mobile devices. In addition, Nokia is engaged in the convergence of communication and interne t industries. The company has undergone tremendous growth since its formation several years ago. In fact, Nokia has become a household brand in most countries today. Nokia has about 128,000 employees spread in 128 countries across the globe. Nokia currently operates in more than 150 countries making it one of the companies with the widest global outreach. In 2008, Nokia posted a global annual turnover of â‚ ¬50.7 billion (Mimoun, 2009). In the same year, the company posted an annual operating profit of â‚ ¬5.0 billion. Nokia remains the world’s largest mobile phone manufacturer, a position it has held for several year despite stiff competition. Its products sell under the brand name ‘Nokia.’ The company manufactures mobile devices in all market protocols and segments such as CDMA, GSM, and W-CDMA (Vadlamani, 2009). In addition, its subsidiary, The Nokia Siemens Network, engages in the production of telecommunication network equipment, services, and solution s, taking advantage of its huge share of the mobile phone market. Currently, the company intends to launch Nokia Lumia 1820 Smartphone in the market. However, the performance of this Smartphone requires the development of an effective marketing plan that will ensure that the cell phone is received well in the market. As such, this marketing plan has been developed by taking into account the market situation, customer needs, and competitors in the market, strength, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in the new market. In addition, the marketing plan has taken into consideration the macro environmental factors that may affect the performance of the product in the target market. Finally, the marketing plan presents a marketing mix that needs to be taken into consideration before launching a product in the target market. Situation Analysis The current market situation in which Nokia operates is very competitive. The industry has many players that compete against each other for the l imited customers available. Currently, the players are trying to out-compete each other by introducing new technologies and products in the market. In fact, of late, a month hardly passes without a new player intruding a new plan to lure additional customers. Some of Nokia’s main competitors include Samsung, Apple, Techno, LG, and Sony Erickson according to Pratap (2013). Customer Analysis We intend to targets all segments of the population by providing them with services that satisfy

TERM PAPER Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

TERM PAPER - Essay Example Yet in an information security survey of 4,255 information technology and information security managers, forty one percent of respondents said they do not have formal security policies (Anthes, 1998). When asked to identify potential threats to their security, the respondents were almost twice as likely to identify hackers over employees as the threat. However, from the literature, it appears that when comparing outside hacking to insider intruding, the greatest threat to computer security comes from the latter (Salierno, 2000; Anthes, 1998; Davis, 1997; Ernst & Young Survey, 1995; Fillon, 1990; Jelcich, 1987). Given that the literature seems to indicate employees pose the greatest threat to information security in general, this leads more specifically to questions about the security of medical records at hospitals. The objective of this study is to gain a better understanding of the impact of information security policy and its effect on the number and seriousness of computer abuse incidents that involve the security of personal medical information maintained at hospitals. In addition, further research may be needed to convince other organizations that information security policy is a vital ingredient in the formula for maintaining a competitive advantage (Schneider and Therkalsen, 1990). The proliferation of electronic patient records (EPR) within the health care information infrastructure presents significant benefits for healthcare providers and their patients, but also creates challenges for those healthcare providers. The benefits include enhanced patient autonomy, improved clinical treatment, advances in health research, and public health surveillance The challenge to providers due to this proliferation is the creation of legal challenges in three interrelated areas: privacy of identifiable health information, reliability and quality of health care, and tort based liability (Hodge, et. al., 1999). Our medical records contain some very mundane information about us such as our height, weight, color of hair and eyes, blood type, and our bouts with colds and other illnesses. However, our medical records also contain information on our fertility, emotions, psychiatric makeup, sexual behavior, substance abuse, and genetic predisposition to disease. Access co this information must be controlled because it is information that could potentially be used to the detriment of the patient (Rindfleisch, 1997). Just as corporations protect their proprietary information, patient health records must be

Who deserves what kind of education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Who deserves what kind of education - Essay Example These inequivalences have never been explained to this day. Sato and Lensmire (2009) state that underprivileged (poverty-stricken) children are usually stereotyped as inferior students in that their conditions may hinder their learning and they are termed as less-worthy learners. This should not be the case and that is why teachers are today being trained to cater for children of all social classes. The strategies applied include treating all learners as equal, bridging school and home experiences, and connecting between lived sociocultural realities and academic abstractions. Collectively, the idea here is to provide the best (and normal) education to everyone regardless of their social class. Jean Anyon conducted a research on students in five elementary schools to tell whether there was a relationship between social class and the type and level of literacy attained at school. Five elementary schools were evaluated, each set in contrasting social class communities. According to the findings, it was revealed that depending on a school’s social class, the children differed with regards to their symbolic and physical capital, the process of work, and finally, authority (Anyon, 1981). This revelation, therefore suggested the need to maintain uniformity in education (literacy) settings to prevent this bias. Finally, education has been defined by many scholars as a â€Å"banking† process in that learners are taught through narration. This means that they ingest whatever the teacher (banker) provides them without any thinking process involved. According to Freire (1970), such education minimizes the learner’s creative and problem-solving power. In its place, Freire recommends problem-posing education which is more engaging in that the learner is taught how to solve a problem but they are not filled with the solutions. Concisely, this type of education is better at unveiling or

Consumer Markets Across Industries

Consumer Markets Across Industries Sudane Atkinson AC 1.3 Evaluate the relevance of consumer markets in the industry Consumer markets is defined by businessdictionary.com (2016) as Markets dominated by products and services designed for the general consumer, Consumer markets are typically split into four primary categories: consumer products, food and beverage products, retail products, and transportation products. With that said the relevance of consumer markets in the hospitality industry will be identified and evaluated, this include long-term relationships, value and satisfaction, consumer orientation, and value chain then a conclusion will be drawn about the significance of consumer markets in the hospitality industry. Listed below are the research findings on relevance of consumer markets in the hospitality industry: Long-term relationship create strong, even emotional, customer connections to a brand that can lead to ongoing business (SearchCRM, 2016) Value and satisfaction- this create customer rather than just consumer because giving value for money and exceeding expectation is what customer look for. Consumer orientation is a key to achieve business goals. A firm can achieve marketing goals by concentrating on customer satisfaction through staff (cross, 2016) Value chain is to deliver maximum value for the least possible total cost and create a competitive advantage (Investopedia.com,2016) Decision making is very important as it depends on the type of investment and what the customer wants. (Bhasin, 2016) Customer culture it is said by LaPlante (2016) that you are likely to be influenced by advertising that appeal to your particular culture Consumer market is very important in the hospitality industry as it is the structure that allows us to make purchases of goods and services. In consumer market decisions are based upon how involved the customers are (Bhasin, 2016). There are three decision making process extensive, limited and routine decision making process. Extensive decision making process is used when the product is a very high involvement product, possible a high investment product as well example buying a house. Limited decision making process is used when limited decision is needed because you have some experience with the product .example buying a radio or a television and last the routine decision making a day to day life decision but in this case the customer isÂÂ   unlikely to switch to different brands because he wants to invest minimum time in routine decision making(Bhasin,2016).The decision process may vary from time to time ,this also depend of the type of customer and the investment made. Long-t erm relationship create strong, even emotional, customer connections to a brand that can lead to ongoing business (SearchCRM, 2016), instead of focusing on one time sale, marketer focusing on getting loyal customers. In order to achieve a long-term relationship, the customer value and satisfaction much be met, but not only met but exceeded, exceeding customer value and satisfaction also helps to save money because is cheaper to retain customer than getting new ones (Beard, 2016).This brings us to the value chain which increases profits by creating value at each of the five product touch points so the value exceeds the cost associated with the product states (Investopedia.com,2016) .The culture of the customers is important to the consumer market as customer are likely to purchase a product with some or same cultural similarity as the targeted customer according to (LaPlante ,2016). The importance of customer orientation is that it focuses on the customer core needs and wants ,by exc eeding the expectations and retaining customers through the staff. Conclusion In conclusion, customer markets are vital to the hospitality as it helps to make the industry strive with the impeccable strategies that it holds and we practice. all the above contributes to profits and gaining loyal customers with the relationship strategies that we practice turning regular consumers into loyal customer, decision making is vital as well as it put into perspective what the customer wants and how to build on getting exactly that. Customer value and satisfaction is also important as it this is what the customer yarn for in a product value for money and satisfaction, giving them this will surly end positively. When marketing, we must keep inconsideration that there I a diversity of people with different culture so or marketing strategy must appeal to the culture of the target market. Customer orientation aid in developing a quality product appreciate by consumers businessdictionary.com (2016) stated. All the about consumer markets are all important in their own way to help promote and market the product with the customer satisfaction in the midst of consideration.

Define personality & motivation

Personalities are usually described as how introverted or extroverted someone is. And introvert is someone who is usually more quiet and thoughtful whereas as an extrovert is someone who is more loud and excitable. If you are either introvert or extrovert it often affects the types of sport you like e. G. And introvert character would usually play something Like tennis as it's a sport they can play as one and not In a team, an extrovert person would usually Like team sports more such as football and rugby. Introverts enjoy sports with more concentration, precision with intricate skills.Introvert characters are usually more self-motivated. Extroverts tend to enjoy sports which are faster paced, exciting and where you need a lower concentration. These are usually team sports and they tend to be motivated by others around them. Extroverted people are often Involved in sports which require a degree of aggression. There are 2 types of aggression: Indirect aggression – this means ta king out your aggression on an object. Direct aggression – The aggression is in the direction of another player. It involves physical contact such as a rugby tackle or in wrestling or boxing.Essence's theory – The Essence's theory was thought of by a German man who Identified two dimensions f personality which act as continuous, with an individual's personality falling anywhere along the two lines, as shown below These two dimensions are stable/unstable and introverted/extroverted. For example, if an Individual Is introverted (shy of social contact) but stable, they are likely to be reliable, calm and controlled. An extroverted (enjoys social affiliation) unstable individual is likely to be tough, aggressive and excitable. Rationality, there are 3 different types of body types; Stepmother – these are people with a tall slim figure, Sheldon thought these people tended to be more Self- unconscious, tense, private (keeps to themselves), and introverted. Endomorphis m – these people are shorter and are a bit fatter, Sheldon thought these people were more tolerant, sociable and relaxed. Monochromes – these are people who have broad shoulders and are more muscular, Sheldon thought these people were more extrovert, assertive, and are risk takers.The Giordano theory (trait theory) – this theory is split into to 2, there are 2 types of people Type A and Type B. Type A – these are more introvert people which enjoy their own company, they have a strong desire to succeed, they like control, often suffers tress and are never happy with what they have (they always want more). Being a type A person will benefit their performance if they are doing a sport which involves only themselves. Type B – these tend to be more extrovert people who are more laid back and happy with what they have, they're less competitive and often work at a slower pace.They do not enjoy control and they're able to relax easily. Being a type B perso n will often benefit them if they're playing a team sports and where they can have the help of others. Motivation – a reason or reasons for acting or behaving in a particular way. There are several theories to do with motivation, these include; The attribution theory – a belief required overtime that one has no control over events and that failure is inevitable / out of their hands. It's a feeling of hopelessness.There are 3 attribution categories these are stability, locus of casualty, locus of control. These 3 categories all go two ways. Stability – you can either be stable or unstable. Locus of casualty – you can either be internal or external. Locus of control – the person can either be in control of themselves or out of control of themselves. Athlete's that attribute their performance outcome to stable internal factors such as effort and ability and to factors under their control are more likely to achieve in sport.Athlete's that attribute the ir performance outcome to unstable-external factors such as luck and difficulty and to factors out of their control are more likely to fail in sport and as they have no goals set out for themselves. Intrinsic motivation comes from within the body, therefore it will be the performer driving themselves to be better. Intrinsic people tend to be able to overcome tasks eave goals set out for themselves to keep progress and maintain motivation. They will have a feeling of pride and enjoyment in their performing the skill.I believe it's better for a performer to be intrinsic because its they are driving themselves to better, they want to be better, therefore they will get better. Extrinsic motivation comes from outside of the performer. These are things which can encourage the athlete to perform and fall into two groups: Tangible rewards: These are physical rewards like medals, trophies and money. These should not be used as much with young athletes o avoid a situation where winning a priz e is more important than competing.

Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil Essay

Question 8: Danny Hansford is only one of the many people whose violent deaths we learn about in the course of Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil. Judging by their stories, what does Savannah (or Savannah society) deem grounds for murder? Why are so few of Jim William’s friends disturbed by the charges against him? Given the casualness with which Savannahians greet the Hansford case, why are they so shocked by the news [p. 333] that their city has been declared the murder capital of the United States? *Answer: In the beginning, Jim goes over the deaths that have happened in Savannah; while the others are blinded by their selfishness. For example: One of the stories known in the Savannah’s society is the death of the judge’s son. It all started when the son of the judge had an imitate relationship with the gangster’s girl; sooner or later the alpha finds out about these rendezvous. As a result, the gangster shot the boy and took his â€Å"manhood† with him. The following days, the young fellow recovered swiftly with his testicles by his side but unfortunately the doctors couldn’t repair a broken heart. At last, his misery ended when he collapsed on the front porch, breathing his last breath as Death took his life. The death of this boy was disregarded by the Savannah’s society; showing no empathy/ emotions towards his death. The few friends of Jim were disturbed because rumors have it that Jim was homosexual and had a sexual relationship with Danny Hansford (***Remember, the Savannah’s society was old-fashioned and didn’t believe in these kinds of relations. ) The Savannahians were shocked about their murder rate because in their minds, they thought they had an outlined of 1,000 untroubled suburbanites not sufficient to raise their murder rate. They were positive that the statistics was a mistake. Savannah had 54 murders/ or 22. 6 murders per 100,000 Savannah’s society blamed the deaths on the African Americans because 91% of their population was blacks. Works Cited Berendt, John. Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil. Random House, 1994.

Juvenal and Rhetoric essays

Juvenal and Rhetoric essays Can we suppose that Juvenal is using a rhetorical theme to write serious political comment in the satire on the vanity of human wishes? The way Ive interpreted this question is that Juvenal was using Roman rhetorical language and themes that were currently popular, in his works. And that this was strategic in winning over the cases he was making in his satire, just as an orator did in his public speeches. And so I intend to show that Juvenal was writing serious political comment using this rhetorical theme. Firstly, I intend to discuss briefly the nature of Roman rhetorical theme, taking as examples both Quintilian ( first century AD) and Cicero ( first century BC). Then attempt to apply these themes to Juvenal Satire 10, working along the basic structure of the satire, but focusing mainly on the overtly political elements such as specifically the lust for military glory, but also the less obvious examples within themes that would appear non-political. Then reach a conclusion about the seriousness of the satire in this context. Both Cicero and Quintilian have defined the structure in which Roman rhetoric was set out. A rhetorical passage always starts with a prooimion (or exordium in Latin). This is intended to make the listeners more favourably inclined towards one particular argument, by posing questions that are impossible for the audience to disagree with, before launching into the actual attack. This stirs up pity and links the authors needs with that of the general audience , making it appear a moral issue that has only one answer, the one suggested in the rest of the work. After the exordium comes the narrative, which can be either wholly for or against a case . This is the section that traditionally was used to incriminate the people involved , by giving accounts of the facts . Using the moral element to expose hidden motives, which is also a main theme of a lot of Juvenals work. The rest of rhetoric is conce...

Scale Insects and Mealybugs, Superfamily Coccoidea

Scale Insects and Mealybugs, Superfamily Coccoidea Scale insects and mealybugs are significant pests of many ornamental plants and orchard trees, and cost these industries millions of dollars each year. Many other insects and larger predators eat these tiny insects, so they do serve a purpose. Some scale insects cause the formation of galls. Learn the habits and traits of these interesting true bugs, which belong to the superfamily Coccoidea. What Do Scale Insects Look Like? Scale insects often go unnoticed, although they live on many common landscape and garden plants. Theyre small insects, usually just a few millimeters long. They tend to position themselves on the undersides of leaves or other plant parts, where they arent exposed to the elements. Scale insects are sexually dimorphic, meaning males and females  look entirely different from one another.   Adult females are usually somewhat round in shape, lack wings, and often lack legs as well. Males are winged, and look somewhat like winged aphids or small gnats. To identify scale insects, its often necessary to identify the host plant. Although largely considered pests, scale insects have been used in some surprisingly beneficial ways throughout history. The red pigment found in cactus-feeding cochineal scales is used to make a natural red dye for food, cosmetics, and textiles. Shellac is made from the secretions from coccids called lac scales. Scale insects and their waxy secretions have also been used in various cultures for making candles, for jewelry, and even for chewing gum. How Are Scale Insects Classified? Kingdom - AnimaliaPhylum - ArthropodaClass - InsectaOrder - HemipteraSuperfamily – Coccoidea There is still some disagreement on how scale insects should be classified and how the group should be organized.   Some authors rank the scale insects as a suborder rather than a superfamily. Family level classification is still very much in flux. Some taxonomists subdivide the scale insects into just 22 families, while others use as many as 45. Scale Insect Families of Interest: Margarodidae - giant coccids, ground pearlsOrtheziidae - ensign coccidsPseudococcidae - mealybugsEriococcidae - felt scalesDactylopiidae - cochineal insectsKermesidae - gall-like coccidsAclerdidae - grass scalesAsterolecaniidae - pit scalesLecanodiaspididae - false pit scalesCoccidae - soft scales, wax scales, and tortoise scalesKerriidae - lac scalesDiaspididae - armored scales What Do Scale Insects Eat? Scale insects feed on plants, using piercing mouthparts to suck the juices from their host plant. Most scale insect species are specialist feeders, requiring a particular plant or group of plants to meet their nutritional needs. The Life Cycle of Scale Insects Its difficult to generalize a description of the scale insect life cycle. Development varies greatly between scale insect families and species, and is even different for males and females of the same species. Within the Coccoidea, there are species that reproduce sexually, species that are parthenogenetic, and even some that are hermaphroditic. Most scale insects produce eggs, and the female often guards them while they develop. Scale insect nymphs, particular in the first instar, are typically mobile and are referred to as crawlers. The nymphs disperse, and eventually settle on the host plant to begin feeding. Adult females are usually immobile and remain in one location for their entire lifespan. How Scale Insects Defend Themselves Scale insects produce a waxy secretion that forms a cover (called a test) over their bodies. This coating can vary greatly from species to species. In some scale insects, the test looks like a powdery substance, while others produce long strands of wax. The test is often cryptic, helping the scale insect blend in with the host plant. This waxy coat performs several functions for the scale insect. It helps insulate it from temperature fluctuations, and also maintains the proper humidity around the insects body. The test also camouflages the scale insect from potential predators and parasitoids. Scale insects and mealybugs also excrete honeydew, a sugary liquid waste that is a by-product of eating plant sap. This sweet substance attracts ants. Honeydew-loving ants will sometimes protect the scale insects from predators to ensure their supply of sugar remains intact. Where Do Scale Insects Live? The superfamily Coccoidea is quite large, with more than 7,500 species known throughout the world. Roughly 1,100 species inhabit the U.S. and Canada. Sources: Borror and DeLongs Introduction to the Study of Insects, 7th edition, by Charles A. Triplehorn and Norman F. Johnson.Encyclopedia of Entomology, 2nd edition, edited by John L. Capinera.Superfamily Coccoidea – Scales and Mealybugs, Bugguide.net. Accessed online February 9, 2016.Systematic Studies of Scale Insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea), by Nathaniel B. Hardy, University of California Davis, 2008.Scale Management Guidelines – UC IPM, University of California Statewide Integrated Pest Management Program. Accessed online February 9, 2016.ScaleNet: Scale Insects (Coccoidea) Database, USDA Agricultural Research Service. Accessed online February 9, 2016.Coccoidea, Tree of Life Web. Accessed online February 9, 2016.

ART Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

ART - Essay Example Three old ladies were depicted in the oil painting among them two looked really dynamic; one painter, a model, and a portrait which being drawn. The model and the painter looked very real whereas, the portrait of the lady indeed had all features of a comparatively beautiful painting. The notable thing was that the emotional vigor reflected on the faces of the model and the lady in the painting was really difficult for me to understand. The picture also contained the essential furniture and fittings of the interior of a house. The painter in the painting seemed calm and contented as if she was reflecting on the beauty of her work. In fact, I did not like any other paintings because I could not comprehend what many of them meant. The Core New art space is a place I would suggest everyone to visit. Numerous pictures are well arranged there with detailed information on each one. We can purchase them at affordable prices and can get corporate or supporting membership to support the progra m of Core. The gallery is an excellent place for a person to learn many things about art. Each picture displayed holds every detail including the painter, materials used, date etc. As mentioned above, I chose this picture for its unusual appeal and the idea presented in it.

238SAM Contemporary Supply Chain Management , 253SAM Management of Essay

238SAM Contemporary Supply Chain Management , 253SAM Management of E-Commerce , 251SAM Business Decision Management - Essay Example Lately, everything is build around the concept of internet and most businesses, JLR included, are earning a fortune from the use of the internet. Almost all operations are conducted via the internet among various entities in order to satisfy the objectives of a given entity and ensuring that the desired profit has been earned from the operations. A key ingredient of e-commerce is the concept that involves electronic trading, the advertisement of goods and procurement of raw materials, goods and services over the internet. The success and volume of online marketing has been evidenced on the internet and more and more businesses and other activities have been conducted via the internet. With success in establishing such an environment on the internet, it is evident that every computer has become a window opportunity to all businesses and individuals that are involved in the businesses (Schniederjans & Cao, 2002). An electronic media that is known as internet has the potential to dimini sh transaction times and transforming time incredibly, while in the meantime making qualified data accessible all around and through this, most consumers and producers are able to access information about their various products that they need or are searching for. Internet electronic commerce has been embraced by most business people and consumers as a means of reducing operational costs to an organization and as a high potential of earning revenue from the various operations in an organization. Different departments in an organization are able to use and apply the medium so that efficiency can be achieved. The marketing department for example it is able to advertise the product as in our case, JLR will easily place the product in the market and more consumers are able to access it. It involves the placing of the product specifications and the major changes that have transformed it for consumers to value and make the right choice. To the production and manufacturing department, it e nables provision of the raw materials to produce the new model to be availed and requested for. To the finance and accounting departments, JLR will be able to utilize the systems of revenue accountability and be able to track the production, marketing and delivery costs of the entire products (Aka?li, 2005). The omnipresence of the web and the accessibility of browsers over different platforms provide a common base or platform upon which the system has been able to maximally function, and this has increased the business potential of doing businesses. The platform has reduced incidents of software distribution and software installation, thus improving and encouraging the expansion of the electronic commerce. In order to understand how the company will benefit from the ecommerce, it is vital to be able to explain the importance that it brings as far as the business scenario is concerned. JLR has been in the market for a longer period, and this has been a major boost to its production and marketing departments. It is also important that we clearly understand the cost effectiveness and time saving that it has brought to most of the related businesses (Aka?li, 2005). Electronic commerce can be defined from four major perspectives; communication, as a communication aspect, businesses are able to minimize communication costs and also increase the reliability and durability of the information

What was the most important cause of European imperial expansion in Essay

What was the most important cause of European imperial expansion in the 19th century- was it economics,culture, or politics pick one and write about - Essay Example It was created at an opportune time for British imperialists. The world was opening up, explorers were gaining ground, and the British crown was claiming more and more land. Not only did this new territory have to be mapped and surveyed and its inhabitants interviewed and learned about, but the new borders to be imposed would have to help Britain maintain and defend this new territory. An organization that could do all of this would be an organization that would and could become increasingly powerful. While some of the work done by the RGS was in good faith and showed a high level of accuracy and ability, much of it was politically influenced and done at the service of political and business interests that were more concerned with profit than geography. Indeed, when a person looks at a map of the globe today and the borders of countries in Asia, the Middle East, and Africa, one often wonders, â€Å"Why a border there? There is no physical or ethnic reason for it to exist there . . . † Many of these borders actually fly in the face of any practical consideration and were created solely for the benefit of others. As such they continue to this day to create conflict and strife around the world. The RGS contributed to the British imperial ethos of the day. By the mid-19th century lots of places in the world, considered for many years as terra incognito were opening up for the first time. Explorers such as Stanley and Livingstone were for the first time making inroads into the interior of Africa. British citizens were present in India and had substantial roles in the various courts there. Britain had significant interests in the Middle East. Britain’s economy, more than ever before was linked to the world’s. Britain relied on its colonies and the new lands being discovered for a great deal of its wealth—and as such it wanted to keep control not only of these

Information System Essay Example for Free

Information System Essay Information System In Hotel Seri Malaysia Kangar Hotel Seri Malaysia Kangar is currently using the Guest Centrix system. Being the first Hotel Seri Malaysia branch and the earlier hotel amongst hotels in Malaysia that using and implement the Guest Centrix system in their management. Guest Centrix system has built integration with Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel, e-mail and many other. It offers a stable and friendly user-interface, improved by the wary use of colour and graphics. Hotel employees can learnt the system quickly, saving the time and money especially in the staff training. The flow of the guest cycle throughout the Hotel Seri Malaysia Reservation The customers or guests who decide to stay at Hotel Seri Malaysia can make their reservation or room booking through hotel’s website, travel agents such as Agoda or booking.com, or call the hotel itself. If the reservation is accepted, the reservation agent or hotel staffs will create a reservation record that linked with Guest Centrix system. This reservation status may include the guests detail and specific request which will help the hotel to provide modified service to the guests during his or her stay. All the details on guests may help the hotel staffs to complete the pre-registration activities such as assigning room according to the request from guest, room rate to be charged to the guest folio during the stay. The hotel staffs need to make sure that the room is available when the guests arrive at the hotel. Arrival After the guests arrive at the hotel, the front office will responsible for the registration and room assignment process. The front office need to clarify the query of the guests especially the details of the room rate or packages that had been booked on. Before that, front office need to make sure the guest’s reservation status before beginning the registration process and checking them in. The guests will filled in the registration form that contain the full name, identification card numbers, home address, billing instruction, reservation details and others. Once the method of payment confirmed and been signed by the guests, the registration process is complete. The guest may be given the key card and breakfast coupons during the stays. During The Accommodation Period During the occupancy, the front office is responsible for managing guest requests and providing the information and supplies to the guests. Also, front office should respond to the guest requests on time in accurate manner and meet the guest expectation of the hotel service. During this period, the security will be main consideration by the hotel. The front office should observe the hotel standard operating procedures in handling the guest key, guest personal property, emergencies that also important. The front office will observe the additional charges that need to be added into guest account that include the restaurant charges, or telephone bills. Departure The last element in guest cycle in hotel is checking out and creating the guests history record. During this stage, the guests will settle down all the outstanding bills or payment to the front office. After completing all the payment, the guest will return the room key card and leave the hotel. The role of Guest Centrix System in Hotel Operation Front Office Guest Centrix system has simplified the front officer in term of reservation, registration, check in and check out of the guests that staying at Hotel Seri Malaysia Kangar. The guests who make room reservation through website or travel agents, Guest Centrix system will create the booking status and store the reservation status in the hotel database. The hotel’s website has been designed to interact directly with Guest Centrix database that allows the guests or customers to see the hotel available rooms at certain date and packages offered. After the guests or customers finished their booking, the system also offers the payment option such as credit card or online banking and the confirmation will be sent by email. During the registration, the front office will indicate the guests booking status before checking in. all the details includes the room or packages that already booked should be available for the guests. The guest can check in to the hotel once the registration process complete. The key card that been given to the guests has linked with the hotel information system. The key card system will provide different information on the room occupancy status which is reserved, occupied, or available. For the checking out process, the front office will notified the guests with outstanding payment during the accommodation period. The outstanding payment is automatically been added in the guests account which is called guest folio. The guest can decide on payment method such as credit card, debit card or cash as long as the hotel accepted it. In addition, the guest information data will automatically store in the hotel information system. The record is called guest history and all the data such as guest personal information, special requirement or even past reservation is stored in Guest Centrix system. This enables the hotel staffs to identify the repeat or new guest that choose the hotel Seri Malaysia Kangar. Housekeeping The front office and housekeeping staffs were linked with each other. All the interactions between both departments especially about the room that need to be clean, inspect or repaired will automatically show in Guest Centrix system. For each room that is occupied or available, the room status will be clean or dirty. The housekeeping staffs are responsible to clean the room so that the room status changes through the Private Branch Exchange (PBX) Interface and record it as clean in Guest Centrix System. PBX interface is used to make connections amongst the internal telephone in all rooms with the Guest Centrix system. The front office will informed the housekeeping staffs by using the walkie-talkie to inspect the room and the housekeeping staffs will monitor the room. After the job done, the housekeeper will press certain code by using telephone at the inspected room and link with the Guest Centrix system and notified the system that the room is already inspected. Food and Beverages For the guests who dine in in the hotel restaurant, all the bills from the restaurant will be insert by the food and beverages staffs in the guest account that will automatically linked to the Guest Centrix system. During the checking out process, the front office may refer into the guests account to distinguish the total payment should be paid by the guests. Hotel Manual System Human Resource Human resource department in Hotel Seri Malaysia is using punch card system to organize the staffs working hour and daily attendance. The hotel will tracked the payroll total through the punch card system. Also, the human resource department using the filing system to manage the hotel staffs record. All the data of permanent, contract and leaving staffs are stored in hotel filing system. Security and maintenance For security and maintenance department, there are surveillance system which is CCTV system that monitors the hotel facilities, and surrounding areas. In Hotel Seri Malaysia Kangar, CCTV system is used to observe different areas from a central control room. In the central control room, there will be one or two security officer that will monitors through the CCTV screen display.

The Origins of Voodoo Essay examples -- Religion Vodun Vodou

The Origins of Voodoo Voodoo is a religion rich in heritage and founded in faith and community. The religion has been villainized by western culture and has been wrongly portrayed as malignant and dangerous. The religion is not founded in any of the (known) "black magics" or fear popularized by Hollywood films, but rather it is based on balance and tradition. The religion is not something that should be encountered with inhibition or fear induced from childhood horror stories, but embraced for its strength and history. Voodoo originated as an amalgam of African religions during the slave trade. As slaves were shipped from Africa to the Caribbean, groups of slaves sharing a similar heritage were broken apart to prevent any sense of community or bond between them. With no connection beyond the tortures of slavery, the slaves had little chance to establish any relationship to their fellow captives. They came from lifestyles far removed so one of the only opportunities for a common bond came from sharing their deep faiths (Erikson). Despite the fact that the religions were just slightly connected, these native faiths allowed an intellectual (as can be, given the narrow scope) exchange and common bond. With several different religions present in any given group of slaves, the majority of slaves adapted by holding a service which accepted all lineages and respected all ancestral lines of faith, both aspects being of primary concerns in African religions. These services were effective in blending the rite s and practices of many religions into one combination religion. This adaptation effectively created a new religion, voodoo, which translates to ?spirit? in several African languages (Bout). Voodoo allowed the slaves to feel like part of their own group. This new-found unity was viewed as a threat to the French and British plantation owners of the newly settled colonies. As a means to quell the religious unity, the plantation owners forbade the practice of religion and punished slaves who attempted to pursue voodoo. Catholicism was presented as an alternative to voodoo. Instead of accepting the Catholic religion, many slaves only incorporated it into the newly established voodoo religion. Catholicism remains an important aspect of voodoo, and several of its methods and rituals are currently practiced as. The punishments of practicing voodoo forced voodoo to ... ...on PCP (no personal experience here, I assure you). The individual would also be dependent on the priest to supply their now life-sustaining drug. This dependence is effectively being ?bound to a master?s will.? In extreme cases the ?zombie? would go through physical effects of drug addiction which leaves the individual looking like a corpse. Voodoo has been greatly misrepresented in American society. It is an honorable and thoughtful religion that should be commended for it?s tenacity through history and it?s involvement in the lives of so many. Voodoo is not the stuff myths and horror movies; rather it is a peaceful, happy, and loving religion that can benefit many more than only those devout to Obatala. Anyone who pursues knowledge owes it to themselves to give voodoo a trial run. Works Cited Bout, Racine Sans. ?The Vodou Page.? AOL.com. 1999. http://members.aol.com/racine125/ (4 Oct. 2001) Erikson, Jacobs. "Voodoo." Compton?s Encyclopedia. Vers. 3.04. 1995. "Vodun (a.k.a. Voodoo)." Religious Tolerance. 2001. http://www.religioustolerance.org/voodoo.htm (4 Oct. 2001). "Voodoo (Vodou) Encyclopedia." Arcana. 2000. http://www.arcana.com/voodoo/ (5 Oct. 2001)

Why Athens Lost the Peloponessian War

â€Å"They were beaten at all points and altogether; all that they suffered was great; they were destroyed as the saying is with total destruction, their fleet, their army; everything was destroyed and few out of many returned home. † (Thucydides, Peloponnesian War, 481) The Sicilian military campaign of Athens proved to be one of the most disastrous military campaigns in ancient times.The loss of thousands of soldiers and sailors, hundreds of vessels and vast amounts of money from the treasury reduced tremendously the Athenian ability to wage war; however, even in spite of such a loss, Athens was still able to prolong the war for nine more years until the Spartans defeated Athens in 404 B. C. The downfall of Athens came as a result of Spartan military operations, which destroyed the Athenian navy and cut off Athens from the supply of grain from Ionia. The decisive battle at Aegospotami in 405 B. C put an end to the Athenian empire and Athenian military power.There were many r easons for the demise of Athens, ranging from bad leadership and preparation for war to a lack of overall strategic concept for conducting the war against Sparta and its allies. All of these reasons contributed to the downfall of Athens in the Peloponnesian War; however, this paper will focus only on the failure of Athens to execute Pericles’s strategy. Athens lost the Peloponnesian War because of a failure to follow the strategy of Pericles, which ultimately led to reckless expeditions, ill-advised war decisions and loss of allies.Pericles was an Athenian politician and general during the time when tensions between Sparta and Athens were rapidly escalating. The two city-states were constantly feuding over interests and were unable to compromise on several issues such as the siege of Potidaea, Megarian decree, and allowing Aegina become independent. This unwillingness of both sides in turn, pushed the rival poleis into a war against each other, which marked the start of the f irst Peloponnesian War.Before the hostilities began, Pericles laid out a strategy before the council, which if Athens were to follow would lead to a favorable outcome over the Lacedaemonians. The principles of Pericles’ strategy centered on naval warfare, attrition and limited foreign engagements during the time of war. Pericles being a wise strategist and a general knew the strengths and weaknesses of Athens and their opponents Lacedaemonians. Athens could not match the Spartan superiority in the hoplite warfare; however, Athens was capable of destroying Sparta by conducting raids from the sea on Spartan territory.The Athenian maritime fleet became one of the most powerful fleets in the ancient world after the defeat of Persia. The Athenian navy consisted of hundreds of ships and thousands of sailors who over the years gained experience and became second to none in their craft. Their familiarity with the sea allowed Athens to sail anywhere and raise fortification against any enemy in their own land. Such an advantage over the seas prevented Athenian opponents from committing too many resources and soldiers against Athens because of the fear that Athens might strike while they were on an expedition.Furthermore, the domination of the seas allowed Athens to become wealthy from trading with her allies and colonies. The money made abroad combined with the tributes from allies allowed Athens to acquire means for prolonged wars. On the other hand, Sparta in the eyes of Pericles could not afford this luxury and had to fight shorter wars. â€Å"Spartans personally engaged in the cultivation of their land, had no private or public funds, the Peloponnesians are also without experience in long wars across the sea. (Thucydides, Peloponnesian War, 82) Pericles saw that Sparta can only gain land and money by battle, while Athens had plenty of islands where they received their resources from, which in turn did not require Athens to engage in many battles. In addition , Lacedaemonians were also limited by the type of alliance they were in, where each member had an equal vote. The group had to reach a consensus before they could act, while Athens made decisions and her allies followed. Pericles foresaw that the Peloponnesian League members in their war decisions would press for their own well-being instead of the common good.Therefore, when Athens would attack one of the allies of Sparta, Spartans would be put in a position where they had to choose to either to protect their allies and abandon the attack on Athens, or to continue the attack without support. That was the strategy of Pericles to defeat Lacedaemonians and their allies. By remaining in the city and conducting naval warfare, Athens would eventually reach a favorable outcome against the Spartans. Additionally, for as long as they abstained from new conquest during the war and kept their allies with them they had a good chance in winning the war.Following the death of Pericles in 429 B. C. the Athenian strategy for the war began to change. â€Å"Private ambitions and interests in matters apparently quite foreign to the war, lead them into projects unjust both to themselves and to their allies, projects whose successes would only conduce to the honor and advantage of private persons, and whose failure entailed certain disaster on the country in the war. † (Thucydides, Peloponnesian War, 126) Personal ambitions and interests were in many cases put before the common good.This change in the strategy was exhibited in many situations and the most prominent was the Sicilian campaign. It was not in Athens’ strategic interest to invade Sicily because the city was still struggling with enemies within their homeland. But, common good and the strategic interest of a polis were overshadowed by eloquent speeches of individuals who promised wealth and expansion of the Athenian Empire as the results of the expeditions. However, these expeditions proved to be more det rimental than beneficial to the city of Athens.The Sicilian campaign is the prime example of unnecessary expedition, which stemmed more from personal ambitions than overall interest of the city. Athens became involved in Sicily because of her alliance with Egesta, which was at war with Selinuntines. The Egestaeans called upon Athens to assist them in war not only because they signed an alliance and belonged to the same Ionian ethnic groups but also because of supposed danger that Syracusans the allies of Selinuntines posed to Athens. Egestaeans persuaded Athenians that if they would not act Syracusans would take over Sicily and than would join the Peloponnesians in attacking Athens.The envoys from Athens were dispatched to survey the situation in Sicily and when they returned Athens decided to join the Egestaeans in the war against Selinuntines and Syracusans. Few Athenians questioned the decision of the council, however, among them was Nicias the general who was leading the expedit ion to Sicily. Nicias argued that the expedition to Sicily would bring Athens more enemies and more problems. Athens needed to focus on the war with the Lacedaemonians and securing the empire they established and not to undertake new conquests. However, his arguments fell on deaf ears and Athens began to prepare for the expedition.Over five thousands hoplites and one hundred triremes were dispatched from Athens to Sicily in 415 B. C. The goal of the expedition was simple, to capture Syracuse, however, Syracuse stood its ground and the Athenian generals requested more soldiers and ships from Athens. Even with the reinforcements, Athens was unable to gain advantage over the Syracusans. The results of the expedition were disastrous and not what the Athenians had expected. Syracuse and their allies, with the help of Spartans were able to stop and later annihilate the Athenians in Sicily.The Athenian failure in Sicily reverberated across the Greek world, which led to more problems for th e Athenians. With the news of the defeat, not only did the enemies of Athens become more emboldened to take actions against Athens but also the Athenian colonies began to revolt which caused Athens both economic and political problems. Athens’ source of strength came from her allies and colonies. They did not only provide Athens with money in a form of tribunes but also supplied her with resources such as wood, silver or food.The Athenian alliance system was set up in such a way that it required everyone to contribute money, ships or men. These contributions were then put to use in the war by Athens. The contributions kept on coming in for as long as Athens could control her allies, however when Athens began to engage in battles and started losing them, the allies revolted. The allies and colonies began to revolt because Athens could no longer proceed with forces against them. Additionally, the treatment by Athens created resentment among the allies and colonies. The allies n o longer saw themselves as equals but as servants to Athens.When Lacedaemonians came through, their city’s majority changed sides because they believed that would receive freedom from by siding with Sparta. The revolutions of allies in many cases were also due to the bad treatment by Athens. After engaging in campaigns, which did not bring back the desired result, Athens pressed her allies for more tribunes and contributions. The poleis which did not want to pay more eventually revolted, than Athens was forced to put down the revolutions with force, which alienated the allies even more. The revolts and losses of allies had a profound impact on Athenian war efforts.Not only did they require Athens to diverge manpower and resources away from the war but also Athens was cut of from tribunes, which they badly needed after the failure in Sicily. â€Å"If you consent not to combine schemes of fresh conquest with the conduct of the war, and will abstain willfully involving yourselv es in other dangers, indeed, I am more afraid of our own blunders than of the enemy’s devices. † (Thucydides, Peloponnesian War, 85) The leaders of Athens and majority of the Athenian populace did not take the advice of Pericles to heart.Witnessing the destruction of the countryside from inside the Long Walls, many Athenians became enraged with Pericles’s strategy. People like Cleon and Alcibiades who promulgated more offensive and daring plans in the war, became leaders. With their promises of wealth, glory and fame, they were able to persuade Athenians to engage in unneeded expeditions. However, these expeditions only drew the attention away of what was actually needed to end the war. Athens lost the Peloponnesian War because of her failure to follow Pericles’s strategy.Pericles’s strategy stressed the importance of navy and staying within one’s walls which if was adhered to by the Athenians; it would ultimately lead Athens towards a favora ble outcome. However, personal ambitions and interest preceded the common good, which resulted in failed expeditions and policies. These disastrous expeditions in the end were compounded with revolts and losses of allies, which ultimately led to the Athenian downfall. Athens was no longer able to provide manpower and resources to continue the war and ultimately was taken over by Lacedaemonia.